A detailed study on multifaceted bioactivities of the extracts and isolated compounds from truffle Reddellomyces parvulosporus

Mushrooms and truffles are attracting attention as a new generation of biotherapeutics. In the current study, isolation, phenolic and organic acid composition, and antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticholinesterase activities of truffle Reddellomyces parvulosporus were examined. Four known compounds (brassicasterol ( 1 ), ergosterol peroxide ( 2 ), fumaric acid ( 3 ) and mannitol ( 4 )) were isolated with the combination of chromatographic techniques. Fumaric acid (54.74 ± 0.85 µg g^?1) was found as the major compound by HPLC-DAD. All isolated compounds were bioassayed for antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticholinesterase, anti-tyrosinase, anti-urease, anti-α-glucosidase and anti-α-amylase activities. Compound 1 indicated notable cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 (IC₅₀: 38.08 ± 0.75 µg mL^?1) and compound 3 on H1299 (IC₅₀: 62.37 ± 0.75 µg mL^?1). Also, compounds 1 (84.55 ± 1.14%) and 2 (84.90 ± 0.10%) showed higher anti-urease activity than thiourea (78.57 ± 0.22%), while compound 2 (66.31 ± 0.08%) displayed near-standard anti-BChE activity. Also, being the first to emphasise the potential of R. parvulosporus as a natural food additive, this study evidenced its medicinal importance by revealing bioactive compounds and properties.