四川盆地东部寒武系油气跨层成藏及天然气勘探意义

四川盆地东部发育下寒武统筇竹寺组泥页岩烃源岩，其生成的油气向上能否穿越中下寒武统膏盐岩区域盖层，并在中上寒武统洗象池群储层聚集成藏(即油气跨层成藏)，一直缺乏清晰的认识。为此，开展了洗象池群储层固体沥青和中下寒武统膏盐岩区域盖层封盖性等研究，探讨了油气跨层成藏及其天然气勘探意义。四川盆地东部洗象池群储层固体沥青主要来源于筇竹寺组泥页岩烃源岩；中下寒武统膏盐岩区域盖层封闭性良好，但在中二叠世至中三叠世，复活的基底断裂和新形成的规模较大的断裂使其封盖完整性遭受一定程度的破坏，为寒武系油气跨层成藏提供了重要的垂向运移通道。该区寒武系油气成藏经历了盐下早期古油藏(S₃—P₁)、油气跨层成藏(P₂—T₂)和古气藏(T₃—K₁)等演化阶段；油气跨层成藏是多旋回叠合盆地油气成藏的重要特征，中二叠世至中三叠世复活的基底断裂和新形成的规模较大的断裂是寻找洗象池群原生古气藏的重要线索。确定和评价原生古气藏将是今后研究区洗象池群天然气勘探的重点和难点。

Cross-formational hydrocarbon accumulation of Cambrian sequences and its significance for natural gas exploration in eastern Sichuan Basin

It has not been clearly understood whether the hydrocarbon generated from the argillaceous sourcerocks of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation could upward pass through the regional cap rocks of the Lower-Middle Cambrian gypsum rocks and accumulate in the Middle-Upper Cambrian Xixiangchi Group reservoir, namely the cross-formational hydrocarbon accumulation, in the eastern Sichuan Basin. Therefore, the studies on the reservoir solid bitumen in the Xixiangchi Group and the sealing performance of the regional cap rocks of the Lower-Middle Cambrian gypsum rocks were carried out, and the cross-formational hydrocarbon accumulation of the Cambrian oil and gas and its significance for natural gas exploration were discussed. It was shown by synthetic studies that the reservoir solid bitumen in the Xixiangchi Group mainly originated from the argillaceous source rocks of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation. The sealing integrity of the regional cap rocks of the Lower-Middle Cambrian gypsum rocks was damaged to some extent by the reactivated basement faults and the large nascent faults in the Middle Permian to Middle Triassic though it had good sealing performance in geological times, which could provide convenient vertical pathways for the Cambrian cross-formational hydrocarbon accumulation in the eastern Sichuan Basin. Three evolutionary stages were built up about the Cambrian hydrocarbon migration and accumulation as follows. Stage 1 is the formation of the Cambrian pre-salt early paleo-reservoirs in the period ofthe Late Silurian to the Early Permian (S3-P1), stage 2 is the one of the Cambrian cross-formational hydrocarbon accumulation in the period of the Middle Permian to the Middle Triassic (P2-T2), and stage 3 is the formation of the Cambrian late paleo-gas reservoirs in the period of the Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous (T3-K1). The cross-formational hydrocarbon accumulation is an important feature of hydrocarbon accumulation in multi-cycle superimposed basins, and the reactivated basement faults and the large nascent faults in the period of the MiddlePermian to the Middle Triassic are important clues to the Xixiangchi Group primary paleo-gas reservoirs. Identification and evaluation of the Xixiangchi Group primary paleo-gas reservoirs will be the key points and the main challenges to natural gas exploration in the study area.