超大空域凝视光学系统的光阑像差

鱼眼透镜和超广角镜头具有很严重的光阑球差、光阑彗差。本文主题是：如何简捷计算其光阑球差以准确描述轴外物点成像光束的位置和结构以及如何利用光同阑彗差造成有效的像差渐晕以改善像面照度分布；文章提出用截断级数和微分方法解算光阑球差近似值，用诱导迭代方法人为扩大光阑彗差以增强像差渐晕效应，并达到了预期目的。

The Stop Aberrations and Aberration Vignetting of Fish-eye Lenses or Extreme Wide-angle Objectives

Fish-eye lenses or extreme wide-angle objectives have notable stop spherical aberration and stop coma. In order to calculate simply and easily the stop spherical aberration we adopt the series approximation and differentiation. So the entrance pupils can be defined accurately For the sake of improving the illuminance distribution on image plane, we apply induced iterative method to increase the stop coma that causes a great aberration vignetting effects. The effects make off-axis object points imaged by more rays than axial object point. So the image plane has more uniform illuminance. At the same time, we intentionlly introduce a great quantity of barrel distortion into fish-eye lenses and extreme wide-angle objectives. This improves also the illuminance on the image plane effectively.