Regulation of CTL by ecto-nictinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) involves ADP-ribosylation of a p56lck-associated protein

Receptor-mediated activation of T lymphocytes involves protein phosphorylation by several protein tyrosine kinases, among those the src-related enzymes p56lck and p59fyn. Accumulating evidence supports the notion that these enzymes are regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, but much is yet to be learned about regulation of their activity. Here we demonstrate that p56lck but not p59fyn exists as a complex with a 40-kDa protein, which in its ADP-ribosylated form inhibits p56lck kinase activity. ADP-ribosylation of this protein is mediated by an arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, which makes use of extracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). This enzyme is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored protein releasable from the surface of cytotoxic T cells by glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. Release of arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase results in failure of extracellular NAD to downmodulate p56lck kinase activity. Concomitant to suppression of the kinase by NAD, CD8 mediated transmembrane signaling and p56lck kinase activation are inhibited.