石化企业储油浮顶罐挂壁损失影响因素分析

针对石油化工企业储罐无组织排放挥发性有机物（VOCs）带来严重的环境问题和油品损耗问题，以浮顶罐的挂壁损耗为研究对象，在概述浮顶罐挂壁损失机理的基础上，采用有机液体罐壁沾湿试验装置模拟储罐发油过程，以正辛烷、汽油、柴油和原油为存储对象，考察了罐壁锈蚀程度、边缘密封类型、液体种类和罐壁材质对挂壁损失的影响，并提出有效的减耗措施。结果表明，挂壁损失与储存液体的黏度、密度和罐壁锈蚀程度均呈正相关；刮油效果随着边缘密封性的增加而增强；罐壁锈蚀加重，降低了边缘密封材料对罐壁的压紧程度；多因素方差分析发现，各因素的影响显著性从大到小顺序为：锈蚀程度、液体黏度、密封类型、罐壁材质。建议API浮顶油罐挂壁损耗评估公式中考虑边缘密封对蒸发损耗的影响。

Analysis on Factors Affecting Withdrawal Loss of Oil Floating Roof Tanks in Petrochemical Industry

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) fugitive emission of storage tanks in petrochemical industry caused critical problems of environment and oil product loss, which was represented by withdrawal loss of floating roof tanks. On the basis of summary of withdrawal loss mechanism of floating roof tanks, a model equipment of simulating the oil loading process by the octane, gasoline, diesel oil and crude oil as the research object was designed. The factors affecting withdrawal loss of floating roof tanks including properties of tank wall corrosion, rim seal, liquid and wall material were investigated and effective measures for decreasing withdrawal loss were proposed. It was found that there was a positive correlation between the withdrawal loss and the viscosity, density and the corrosion of the tank wall. The effect of the scraping oil was more obvious with the rim seal enhancing. In addition, the tank surface roughness reduces the compression of rim seal on the tank wall, meanwhile, the effect of scraping decreases. The multivariate analysis showed that the significance of the impact factor is corrosion> liquid viscosity > rim seal> tank material. Finally, it is recommended to take into full account the effect of the rim seal to improve the accuracy in loss evaluation in API withdrawal loss formula for floating roof tank.