The History of ICRP and the Evolution of its Policies |
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| Authors: | R.H. Clarke J. Valentin |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Politecnico di Milano, Department of Energy, Via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milan, Italy;2. CERN-European Organisation for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland;1. Environmental Radiation Surveillance, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Laippatie 4, FI-00881 Helsinki, Finland;2. Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Pieni Roobertinkatu 9, FI-00130 Helsinki, Finland;3. Department of Mathematical Sciences, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland;4. Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Neulaniementie 4, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland;5. University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;6. Department of Epidemiology, FI-33014 University of Tampere, Finland;1. Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan;2. Medical Physics Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University / Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan;3. Health Physics Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan;4. Department of Radiation Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan;5. Graduate of Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan;6. Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;1. Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom;2. Medical Physics, The Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XX, United Kingdom;3. Radiation Hazards and Emergencies Department, Public Health England, Didcot OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom;4. Sunway University, Institute for Health Care Development, Jalan Universiti, 46150 PJ, Malaysia;1. Accelerator Radiation Safety Section, Health Physics Division, BARC, Mumbai 400085, India;2. Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India;3. DNAP, TIFR, Mumbai 400005, India |
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| Abstract: | Within 12 months of the discovery of X rays in 1895, papers appeared in the literature reporting adverse effects from high exposure. In 1925, the first International Congress of Radiology, held in London, considered the need for a protection committee, which it established at its second congress in Stockholm in 1928. This paper celebrates the 80th anniversary of ICRP by tracing the history of the development of its policies, and identifying a few of the personalities involved from its inception up to the modern era. The paper follows the progress from the early controls on worker doses to avoid deterministic effects, through the identification of stochastic effects, to the concerns about public exposure and increasing stochastic risk estimates. The key features of the recommendations made by ICRP from 1928 up to the most recent in 2007 are identified. |
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