Application of Damage Tolerance principles to the design of helicopters |
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| Authors: | L Lazzeri U Mariani |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Pisa, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Via G. Caruso 8, 56126 Pisa, Italy;2. Agusta-Westland, Fatigue Office, Via G. Agusta 520, 21017 Cascina Costa (VA), Italy;1. University of Manchester, Composites Centre, School of Materials, Manchester, UK;2. Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK;3. Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK;5. Department of Materials Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece;1. Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China;1. Defence Science and Technology Organization, Fisherman’s Bend 3207, Australia;2. Sir Lawrence Wackett Aerospace Research Centre, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;3. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, United States;1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States;2. Bell Helicopter Textron, Hurst, TX, United States |
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| Abstract: | The design of helicopters against fatigue phenomena is a particularly important and complex problem, due to the peculiar load spectra, composed by a high number of low-amplitude cycles.The fatigue design methodology most commonly applied by the helicopter community was based on the Safe-Life philosophy, applied anyhow with a particular approach. Since 1989, the Airworthiness Regulations evolved towards the application of Damage Tolerance principles also to rotorcraft. This change has forced the helicopter industries to review their design methodologies, and to face new problems, linked with fracture mechanics applications to their typical structures. Flaws, accidental damages and manufacturing discrepancies must be accounted for, in addition to the retirement life based on Safe-Life.The paper reviews the current requirements and presents and discusses the methodologies that the helicopter industry adopts for demonstrating compliance with such regulatory requirements. In addition, recommendations are given on research and development activities required for refining the defined methodologies and for their better implementation. |
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