平方公里阵天线新技术综述

天线是射电望远镜系统关键组成部分, 其性能对于望远镜的观测能力有着决定性的影响.数十年来, 射电望远镜天线技术不断发展, 在有效接收面积、观测带宽和视场等各个方面取得了巨大进步，并推动了新的科学发现.文章对射电天文领域出现的多项先进的天线技术, 包括整体成型面板、相控阵馈源、超宽带单波束馈源和孔径阵列等进行了详细的介绍.作为国际上正在积极推进的平方公里阵(Square Kilometre Array, SKA)的关键技术, 这些技术已经取得了重要突破, 其他领域的天线也可有所借鉴.

Overview of new antenna technologies for the Square Kilometre Array

Performance of a radio telescope mainly depends on the front-end, especially the antennas. During the past decades, characteristics of the antennas are greatly improved, such as effective receiving area, frequency bandwidth, and field-of-view etc, which enables new scientific discoveries. This paper presents an overview of the emerging technologies of antennas for the next-generation radio telescopes, including the single-piece reflector panel, phased array feed, ultra-wideband single pixel feed, and aperture array. As part of the worldwide efforts toward the Square Kilometre Array(SKA), these technologies are actively prompted and breakthroughs have been made, which may also provide experiences for other antennas.