我国炼油工业可持续发展的对策思考

我国已成为世界第二大炼油国,2008年炼油能力达到4.38×108t/a。通过结构调整,炼油装置平均规模越来越大;通过自主开发,我国已全面掌握原油加工技术,能自主建设年加工能力千万吨级的大型炼厂。据预测,到2020年我国汽煤柴油的需求量将达到3.5×108~3.9×108t,强劲的市场需求为中国炼油工业提供了难得的发展机遇。但同时我国炼油工业也面临着石油资源不足,原油品质呈现重质化、劣质化趋势,环保法规日益严格,石油产品质量亟待升级,二氧化碳减排压力大等制约因素。为了实现我国炼油工业的可持续发展,应努力优化炼油加工总流程,建设加氢型炼厂,充分合理地利用石油资源;调整油化一体化的发展思路,低碳烯烃可以用煤或天然气为原料进行生产,石油加工应以运输燃料收率最大化为目标,并提高柴油在运输燃料中的比例;发挥资源优势,适度有序发展煤制油、煤化工,合理安排煤制油和甲醇制烯烃、甲醇制丙烯项目;生产运输燃料是生物质大规模利用的最佳方式,应重视技术的集成创新,发展生物燃料产业,同时加强生物油藻的研究开发;减少能源使用是减排CO2最重要、最现实的措施,要大力推进技术创新,实现炼油过程的节能降耗,要推进二氧化碳的捕集、转化、储存(CCCS)技术的研发。

Reflections on Chinese Refining Industry's Sustainable Development Strategy

China is now the world＇s second largest oil refiner.In 2008,China ＇ s refining cap acity hit 4.38× 108t/a.Through restructuring,the average capacity of Chinese refineries has kept rising.China has now grasped the whole process of crude oil processing by virtue of independent research and development and is able to build refineries with capacity exceeding 10 million tons per year on its own.China＇ s demand for gasoline,kerosene and diesel fuel is expected to reach 3.5×108-3.9×108t by 2020.Strong market demand has provided the domestic refining industry with a precious opportunity for further development.However,there are also many constraints on the development of the refining industry such as short oil resources,increasingly heavy and poor crude oil sourced,stricter environmental regulations,the dire need for an upgrade of oil products and the enormous pressure on carbon dioxide emission reduction.To sustain growth,the refining industry should strive to optimize its main refining process stream,build hydro-skimming refineries,make best use of oil resources and adjust its refining and chemical integration strategy（low-carbon olefin can be produced using coal or natural gas as feedstock;the yield of transport fuels shall be maximized in oil processing;the share of diesel fuel in transport fuel production shall be increased）.Other measures the refining industry needs to take to achieve sustainable development include making full use of resources to develop coal liquefaction,coal chemical,methanol-to-olefin and methanol-to-propylene projects in an orderly manner.Producing transport fuels is the best way of utilizing biomass on a large scale.Importance should be attached to the integrated innovation of technology and to the development of bio-fuels.The research and development of oil production from algae should also be strengthened.Reducing the use of energy is the most important and practicable measure of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide.Efforts should be made to promote technical innovation to reduce energy consumption in the refining process.The research and development of CCCS technologies should also be stepped up.