The effect of temperature on the condensed phases formed in fuel-rich premixed benzene flames |
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| Authors: | Carmela Russo Fernando Stanzione Antonio Tregrossi Michela Alfè Anna Ciajolo |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Dipartimento Ingegneria Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy;2. Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, CNR, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy;1. Istituto Motori of National Research Council, Viale Marconi, 4, 80125 Naples, Italy;2. University of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Engineering, Piazzale Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy;1. School of Computer Science, Engineering, and Physics, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI 48502, USA;2. School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;3. Instituto de Informática, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CEP 74690-815 Goiânia, GO, Brazil;1. FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands;2. Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Groningen, The Netherlands;1. University of Western Ontario (Western), London Health Sciences Center, University Hospital, Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, LHSC-UH, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N5A 5A5, Canada;2. St. Joseph’s Health Care, Parkwood Institute, Department of Cognitive Neurology, 550 Wellington Road, London, ON N6C 0A7, Canada;3. University of Western Ontario (Western), London Health Sciences Center, University Hospital, Department of Radiology/Medical Imaging, LHSC-UH, 339 Windermere Road B10-006, London, ON N5A 5A5, Canada;4. Present Address: McMaster University, Hamilton General Hospital, 237 Barton Street East, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The sooting structure of premixed fuel-rich atmospheric pressure benzene flames burning at the same C/O molar ratio = 0.8 was studied in different temperature conditions (Tmax = 1720 K and 1810 K) by changing the cold gas velocity. Compositional profiles of gaseous and condensed phases, measured by probe sampling and chemical analysis, indicated that pyrolytic routes leading to higher soot formation are more favoured in the lower temperature conditions.The structural analysis of condensed phases, including condensed species and soot, has been carried out by using FT-IR and UV–Visible spectroscopy sensitive to the hydrogen bonding and carbon network, respectively.The very low hydrogenated character, as evaluated by FT-IR and elemental analysis, and the high aromatic/graphitic nature of the benzene soot, as shown by a detailed examination of UV–Visible spectral parameters, confirmed the effect of benzene fuel on the internal structure of soot particles already in the early stages of particle inception. |
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