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A novel Central Composite Design based response surface methodology optimization study for the synthesis of Pd/CNT direct formic acid fuel cell anode catalyst
Authors:Aykut Caglar  Tekin Sahan  M. Selim Cogenli  Ayse Bayrakceken Yurtcan  Nahit Aktas  Hilal Kivrak
Affiliation:1. Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Van, 65000, Turkey;2. Atatürk University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey;3. Atatürk University, Graduate School of Science, Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
Abstract:At present, carbon nanotube supported Pd catalysts are synthesized via NaBH4 reduction method to investigate their electro catalytic activity thorough formic acid electro oxidation. In order to optimize the synthesis conditions such as %Pd amount (X1), NaBH4 amount (times, X2), water amount (ml, X3), and time (min., X4), Central Composite Design (CCD) experiments are designed and determined by the Design-Expert program to determine the maximum observed current (mA/mgPd). Formic acid electro oxidation current density of the catalyst is computed by the model as 974.80 mA/mg Pd for the catalyst prepared at optimum operating conditions (41.14 for %Pd amount, 280.23 NaBH4 amount, 26.80 ml water amount, and 167.14 min time) obtained with numerical optimization method in CCD. This computed value is very close to the experimentally measured value as 920 mA/mg Pd. Finally, formic acid fuel cell measurements were performed on the Pd/CNT catalyst prepared at optimum operating conditions and compared with the commercial Pd black and Pt black catalysts. As a result, Pd/CNT exhibits better performance compared to Pd black, revealing that Pd/CNT is a promising catalyst for the direct formic acid fuel cell measurements.
Keywords:Palladium catalyst  Formic acid oxidation  CCD design  Response surface methodology  Design expert  Fuel cell
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