不锈钢在高温熔盐中的腐蚀和损伤研究现状

随着化石能源的紧缺以及CO₂排放对全球环境造成的负面影响,可再生能源的使用量日益增加。作为最具成本效益的可再生电力技术之一,聚焦式太阳能热发电 (CSP) 技术为可再生能源的供应做出了巨大贡献。与其它热载体 (HTF) 相比,高温下使用熔盐的CSP设备的腐蚀和损伤问题更加显著,其中,相比熔融硝酸盐,来源广泛、价格低廉的HTF替代也正被深入研究。本文概述了CSP技术的应用情况,综述了高温条件下,在杂质、气体环境等影响下,不锈钢在熔融硝酸盐、氯盐和碳酸盐等热载体中的腐蚀行为研究现状,以及在热疲劳和应力腐蚀开裂等条件下的损伤,并讨论了目前CSP系统中存在的问题和未来发展方向。

Research Progress on Corrosion and Damage of Stainless Steel in High Temperature Molten Salts

With the increasing shortage of fossil fuels and the negative impact of carbon dioxide emissions on the global environment, the use of renewable energy sources is increasing. As one of the most cost-effective renewable electricity technologies, concentrated solar-thermal power (CSP) technology has made a significant contribution to the supply of renewable energy. Compared with other heat transfer fluids (HTFs), the corrosion and damage problems are more significant in CSP equipment using molten salts at high temperature. Among others, abundant and inexpensive replacements of HTFs are also being intensively investigated. In this paper, the application of concentrated solar-thermal power technology was summarized, especially the research status of the influence of impurity and composition of gaseous atmosphere etc. on the corrosion behavior of stainless steels in high temperature HTFs such as molten nitrates, chlorides and carbonates, and the damages induced by thermal fatigue and stress corrosion cracking were introduced. Finally, the current problems and the future development directions related with the CSP system are also discussed.