成熟期积温对豫中烟区浓香型烤烟上六片产质量的影响

  目的  明确豫中烟区烤烟上六片生育期温度和光照因子对烟叶质量特色的影响，提出优质上六片形成的气候指标。  方法  设置移栽期和采收期大田试验，测定上六片生长发育阶段的光、温等气候参数，研究其与上六片烟叶产质量的关系。  结果  ① 上六片烟叶的浓香型典型性与日最高温 > 30℃天数、成熟期均温和 > 20℃积温显著相关，当上六片成熟期和生育期日最高温 > 30℃天数分别为25~33 d和52~70 d、成熟期日均温达25.26~27.14℃时，浓香型特征明显；②该研究范围内，上六片烟叶的浓香型特征随 > 20℃积温增加不断增强。③上六片烟叶质量与上六片成熟期和生育期积温关系更为密切，当上六片成熟期 > 0℃、 > 10℃、 > 20℃积温分别为1122.97~1268.26℃、692.97~871.39℃、262.97~313.3℃，生育期分别为2018.0~2332.8℃、1257.9~1425.9℃、497.9~544.5℃，同时成熟期和生育期光照时数分别达到264.0~347.2 h和464.5~545.5 h时，上六片烟叶质量较好。  结论  上六片生育期与成熟期温度较高、热量丰富、光照充足是形成优质典型浓香型上六片烟叶的重要条件，适当推迟上部叶采收时间，增加积温，可以在保证浓香型风格典型性的条件下显著提升上部叶质量。 

Effect of accumulated temperature in maturing stage on yield and quality of six upper leaves of rich flavor style flue-cured tobacco in central Henan tobacco growing area

  Objective  To investigate the effect of temperature and light factors on the quality and style of upper six leaves of full-flavor flue-cured tobacco in Central Henan Province, and to establish climate index required for high quality upper tobacco leaf production.  Methods  Field experiment with different transplanting dates and harvesting dates was conducted to investigate the relationship between climatic parameters during upper six leaf growth and the quality and style of cured tobacco leaves.  Results  ① The typical full-flavor style of upper six tobacco leaves was significantly correlated with the number of days having maximum temperature > 30℃, average temperature during the maturing period, and accumulated temperature of > 20 ℃.The full flavor style of upper six tobacco leaves was more significant when the days with daily maximum temperature > 30℃ during the whole growth period and maturing stage were 25~33d and 52~70 d, respectively.and the average daily temperature during mature stage was 25.26~27.14 ℃.② Within the limit of this study, the full-flavor style of upper six leaves also increased with the increase of accumulated > 20℃ temperature.③ The quality of upper six tobacco leaves was more closely related to the accumulated temperature during the whole growth period and the maturing period.The quality of upper six tobacco leaves was more prominent when the accumulated temperature of > 0℃、 > 10℃、 > 20 ℃ was 1122.97~1268.26 ℃、692.97~871.39 ℃、262.97~313.3 ℃, respectively, for the maturing stage and 2018.0~2332.8 ℃、1257.9~1425.9 ℃、497.9~544.5 ℃, respectively, for the whole growth period of upper six leaves.  Conclusion  The high temperature and sufficient sunlight during growth and maturity of upper tobacco leaves are essential for the formation of high quality and typical full-flavored flue-cured tobacco.Properly delaying harvest of upper tobacco leaves and so increasing the accumulated temperature would ensure high quality upper tobacco leaf production and at the same time maintain typical full-flavor style.