发酵条件对雪茄芯叶TSNAs及其前体物含量变化的影响

  目的   探究发酵条件对雪茄芯叶TSNAs及其前体物含量变化的影响。  方法   以茄芯原料什烟1号为材料，设置不同温度（temperature, T）与相对湿度（relative humidity, RH）互作试验，测定发酵前后烟叶样品中的TSNAs及其前体物含量的变化。  结果   1）不同发酵条件下烟叶TSNAs含量存在极显著差异，发酵后烟叶TSNAs含量可从1326.77 ng/g增至1511.60~5240.24 ng/g，增幅13.78% ~ 294.96%。2）发酵湿度对烟叶TSNAs含量的影响最大，贡献率达57.01%，随发酵湿度从70%增加至90%，烟叶TSNAs含量显著下降。3）温度对TSNAs的贡献率为28.33%，随发酵温度的增加，烟叶的TSNAs含量逐渐上升，尤其是超过42℃后，TSNAs含量显著增加。4）温度与湿度的交互作用对TSNAs含量影响较小，贡献率为14.66%。5）前体物生物碱与硝酸盐含量均随湿度的增加而增加，随温度增加，生物碱总量先降低后升高，硝酸盐含量则持续升高。  结论   生产中建议在45℃-RH 80%条件下发酵以抑制发酵过程中TSNAs的形成与积累。 

Effects of fermentation conditions on contents of TSNAs and their precursors in cigar filler tobacco

To explore the effects of fermentation conditions on TSNAs and its precursors in cigar filler tobacco, interaction test under the condition of different temperature and relative humidity was carried out to determine the content of TSNAs and its precursors in Wanmao3 after the fermentation process.The results showed that, the TSNAs content of cigar filler tobacco under different fermentation conditions was significantly different.After fermentation, TSNAs content in tobacco leaves increased from 1326.77 ng/g to 1511.60-5240.24 ng/g, with an increase rate of 13.78%-294.96%.Fermentation humidity had the greatest influence on TSNAs content in tobacco leaves, with a contribution rate of 57.01%.As fermentation humidity increased from 70% to 90%, TSNAs content in tobacco leaves decreased significantly.The contribution rate of temperature to TSNAs content was 28.33%.With the increase of fermentation temperature, the content of TSNAs in cigar filler tobacco increased gradually, especially when the temperature exceeded 42℃, the content of TSNAs increased significantly.The interaction between temperature and humidity had little effect on TSNAs content, and the contribution rate was only 14.66%.The contents of alkaloids and nitrates increased with the rising of humidity and the total alkaloid content decreased first and then increased with the rising of temperature, while the nitrate content increase continuously.It is suggested to ferment at 45℃ and RH 80% to inhibit the formation and accumulation of TSNAs in the fermentation process.