Failure mechanics inner lithium ion batteries: In-situ multi-field experimental methods

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density are desired in many fields, however, the volume change during the electrochemical process of the high capacity materials (such as Si) would cause the mechanical failure of the LIBs. Thus, the in-situ experimental methods, which could obtain the inner information of the LIBs, are necessary for revealing the failure mechanisms of the LIBs. Here main characterization techniques for in-situ experiments have been introduced, including (1) in-situ mechanical-electrochemical experiments:atomic force microscopy (AFM), in-situ optical methods, in-situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) computed tomography (CT) and (2) inner temperature measurements:in-situ infrared method, embedded multi-field sensor.