泥蚶遗传多样性的研究

采用垂直聚丙烯酰胺同工酶电泳技术对我国及周边海域的7个泥蚶群体的11种同工酶、近28个位点的表型变异及遗传分化进行了研究，结果发现，绝大多数同工酶在7个群体之间谱型上都存在较大差异。遗传变异统计结果表明：7个泥蚶群体多态位点比例（P．99）和（P．95）分别在39．3％～53．6％和28．6％～44．4％之间；平均杂合度观测值在0．035～0．083之间，平均杂合度预期值在0．086～0．186之间；而平均位点等位基因数在1．786～2．381之间。比较了7个群体之问的遗传相似度和遗传距离表明，7个泥蚶群体明显地分为两大类群，第一个类群包括釜山、荣成、奉化、乐清、福鼎5个群体，它们的平均遗传距离是0．0072；第二个类群包括汕头和湛江两个群体，它们的遗传距离是0．0320；而这两个类群问的不同群体问的平均遗传距离为0．4279。因此这两个类群的分类学地位值得进一步探讨。

Study on genetic diversity of tegillarca granosa

11 isozymes and about 28 loci were detected in 7 populations of Tegillarca granosa by the vertical PAGE technology.Most of enzymes checked out show certain variation between populations.A further calculation of genetic structure parameters through the data based on the loci investigated show that: the percentages of polymorphic loci(P.99) and polymorphic loci(P.95) were between 39.3% and 53.6% and between 28.6% and 42.9% respectively in seven populations;the value of mean heterozygosity observed was between 0.035 and 0.083;the value of mean heterozygosity expected was between 0.086 and 0.181;and the mean numbers of alleles of each population were between 1.786 and-2.364.An analysis of hereditary relationship and clustering of 7 populations showed that the seven populations can be generally divided into two fundamental groups,one consists of 2 populations of Zhanjiang and Shantou,between which the genetic distance is 0.0320;the other is composed of other five populations,the average genetic distance of which was 0.0072.But the average genetic distance between the two groups is 0.4279.The study proved that there was significant hereditary difference between the two groups,and a further study of the taxology between them is necessary.