塔中沙漠地区石油地震勘探数据采集技术

针对塔中沙漠地区影响石油地震勘探数据采集质量的主要因素，结合野外实际试验和生产资料，对表层结构调查、激发、接收和观测系统等环节，进行了较深入的分析。指出采用小折射、微测井和沙丘曲线调查等表层结构调查方法，取全、取准表层静校正数据，对获得高品质的地震剖面至关重要；在潜水面下5～7 m深度井炮激发，可以保证记录有足够的能量；检波器大面积等标高组合、挖深坑埋置，可保证与地耦合效果，减小随机干扰背景，提高接收环节的质量；对不同地表条件和地质任务要求，采用相应的观测系统和施工方法，加强广角反射技术的研究，有利于提高资料的品质，可以保证数据采集的完整性和地质任务的完成。

The Seismic Acquisition Techniques Applied in TaZhong Desert Area

Based on field test and production data this paper discussed the aspects of seismic acquisition such as near-surface investigation,shooting,receiving,and layout. It is pointed out that shallow refraction,up hole,and detailed dune terrain investigation are vital to obtain correct static data so as to get high quality seismic section. Shooting at depth of 5-7m below water table can ensure enough energy for seismic record. Large size array and deep buried geophones can secure good coupling with ground and reduce random noise. Layout and operation method should be based on surface conditions and geological task. Furthermore, it suggests that wide-angle reflection technique should be helpful for the improvement of seismic data quality.