基于部分覆盖理论的供水管网二次加氯点选址

为了寻找合理的供水管网二次加氯点,在传统覆盖模型的基础上引入部分覆盖思想,通过降低余氯覆盖集的覆盖标准使其中的加氯点具有部分覆盖能力,利用已选加氯点覆盖能力的叠加作用最终实现完全覆盖.建立新型的二次加氯点选址模型,提出“变标准”筛选法以实现对加氯点的优选.将2种模型应用于管网实例,采用贪婪算法结合“变标准”筛选法进行求解.比较2种模型的选址结果表明,完全覆盖模型对覆盖标准的取值较敏感,致使覆盖标准变化时因加氯点数变化过快而容易遗漏可行解；部分覆盖模型表现出较大的弹性,能够给出更全面的选址方案,因此从中选取的最优解更可靠,有利于决策过程的实施.

Optimization of locations of booster chlorination stations in water distribution system based on theory of partial coverage

The concept of partial covering was proposed based on traditional theory of full covering model in order to find reasonable locations of booster chlorination stations. Chlorine boosters have the capability of partial covering by lowering the covering standard for entering residual coverage set, which can lead to full covering by superposition effects of chosen boosters. A new model for optimizing booster locations was established with ‘variable standard’ selection method. Two models were both applied to a network, and the greedy algorithm was used to solve the model integrated with ‘variable standard’ method. Comparison results of the two models illustrate that full covering model is more sensitive to the variation of coverage standard, which makes the number of boosters change so rapidly that feasible solutions is easily omitted; while partial covering model is more flexible and can provide more comprehensive solutions, thus the optimal solution chosen from them is more reliable, which can benefit decision-making process.