城市植物景观与关键种的协同共生设计框架——以野花草甸与传粉昆虫为例

城市植物景观的系统稳定性、观赏效果和生态服务功能的维持正面临气候变化和快速城市化的严峻挑战。近年来,生态系统关键种的保育研究为城市植物景观提供了增强环境适应性与可持续发展的可能性。分析关键种对于城市植物景观的重要生态功能,综述国内外关键种的研究应用进展,在此基础上提出重建“城市植物景观—关键种”协同共生体系的设计框架。从环境要素设计、关键种选择与吸引、植物筛选及种植、营巢生境与庇护生境设计、踏脚石生境与迁徙廊道设计等方面探讨关键种与城市植物景观协同共生体系设计的基本要求。提供风景园林实践中以关键种与植物景观协同共生来提升城市植物景观功能的有效途径,以及“城市植物景观—关键种”协同共生设计与实践的理论归纳、设计框架和应用范式参考。

Design Framework of Collaborative Symbiosis Between Urban Plant Landscape and Keystone Species: Taking Wildflower Meadows and Pollinators as a Case Study

The system stability,landscape aesthetics and ecological service function of urban plant landscape are facing severe challenges of climate change and rapid urbanization.In recent years,the researches on the conservation of keystone species of the ecosystem have provided the possibility of enhancing environmental adaptability and sustainable development for urban plant landscape.This paper analyzes the important ecological functions of keystone species for urban plant landscape,summarizes the research and application progress of keystone species at home and abroad,and puts forward the design system framework of reconstructing collaborative symbiosis between urban plant landscape and keystone species.It explores the basic requirements of the design framework of collaborative symbiosis between urban plant landscape and keystone species,including the design of environmental factors,the selection and attraction of keystone species,the selection and planting of plants,the design of nesting habitat and shelter habitat,the design of stepping stone habitat and migration corridor.It provides effective means to enhance the function of urban plant landscape by the collaborative symbiosis of“urban plant landscape and keystone species”as well as theoretical induction,design framework and application paradigm reference for collaborative symbiosis design and practical application.