NOTE: First record of natural reproduction by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the St. Marys River,Michigan |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Aquatic Animal Health Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;2. Department of Natural Resources, Bruckner Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;3. U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA 98115, USA;1. Large Lakes Research Station, 9311 Groh Road, Grosse Ile, MI 48138, USA;2. Z-Tech Corporation, ICF Company, Large Lakes Research Station, 9311 Groh Road, Grosse Ile, MI 48138, USA;3. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, Large Lakes and Rivers Forecasting Research Branch, Large Lakes Research Station, 9311 Groh Road, Grosse Ile, MI 48138, USA;1. Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;2. Department of Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany;3. Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;4. Graham Sustainability Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;1. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA;2. Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;3. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 07316 State Highway 371, Walker, MN 56484, USA;4. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 5351 North Shore Drive, Duluth, MN 55804, USA |
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| Abstract: | Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are native to Lake Ontario; but their populations severely declined by the late 1800s due to human influences. During the early to mid-1900s, Atlantic salmon were stocked throughout the Great Lakes in effort to reestablish them into Lake Ontario and introduce the species into the upper Great Lakes. However, these efforts experienced minimal success. In 1987, Lake Superior State University and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources began stocking Atlantic salmon in the St. Marys River, Michigan, which has resulted in a successful, self-supporting hatchery operation and stable recreational Atlantic salmon fishery. Possibly due to a combination of competition with other salmonid species for spawning habitat, prey selection causing detrimental effects on early life stages and high rates of early mortality syndrome, Atlantic salmon appeared to be severely limited in their ability to naturally reproduce within the upper Great Lakes. In 2012, the first unequivocal documentation of naturally reproduced Atlantic salmon in the St. Marys River was recorded, downstream from the compensation works and parallel to the Soo Locks in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. |
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