农村水电站引起的生态环境问题及补偿措施初探

近些年农村水电站建设空前高涨，开发农村水电站在一定程度上可以促进农村经济和社会的发展。但由于农村水电站项目工程投资总额比较少，相应的用于环境影响评价的资金少，工程对水生生物、动植物、水土保持以及地质等生态环境的影响评价分析不够深入，从而引发了众多的生态环境问题。针对已建农村水电站引起的生态环境问题进行初步探讨，并结合农村水电站的特点，给出了一些解决农村水电站生态环境问题的方法，以期达到农村水电站建设与生态环境相平衡的发展目标。

Eco-Environmental Problems Caused by Rural Hydropower Stations and Compensation Measures

Construction of rural hydropower stations in recent years has reached an unprecedented level, and has promoted economic and social development in  the rural area. Nevertheless, as the total investment in rural hydropower stations is relatively small, the fund for environmental impact assessment is smaller. Ecological and environmental impacts inclusive of aquatic organisms, animals and plants, soil and water conservation, and geology are not assessed or analyzed adequately. The ecological and environmental problems caused by hydropower stations in rural areas are discussed. In the light of  the characteristics of rural hydropower stations, some solutions are put forward, such as fish passes, rational layout of water diversion structure, vegetation slope protection for dam body, artificial floating island in the reservoir area, and reasonable ecological discharge. The solutions are expected to balance the eco-environment and the rural hydropower construction.