Equilibrium segregation of Ti to Au–sapphire interfaces |
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Authors: | Elad Nussbaum Hila Meltzman Wayne D Kaplan |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Materials Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel; |
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Abstract: | Equilibrium segregation of Ti to Au–sapphire interfaces was measured from dewetted Au(Ti) films on the (0001) surface of sapphire.
Quantitative energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to determine a Ti excess at the Au–sapphire interface of 2.2 Ti atoms/nm2, which together with an excess of 4.6 Ti atoms/nm2 at the (0001) sapphire surface, is associated with a decrease in the solid–solid Au–sapphire interface energy. Quantitative
high resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that the segregated Ti is distributed within a 1.54-nm thick intergranular
film at the Au–sapphire interface, which is not a bulk phase but rather an equilibrium interface state. As a result, Ti segregation
without the formation of a bulk reaction at the interface is associated with a decreased interface energy, improved wetting,
and may be an important part of the total complex mechanism responsible for improved wetting and spreading in “reactive” braze
systems. |
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