基于RSM超声波-微波协同氧化浸出铜阳极泥分铜渣中碲的研究

在碱性体系下,以NaClO3作为氧化剂并采用超声波-微波协同强化氧化选择性浸出铜阳极泥分铜渣中碲,通过响应曲面法的模型优化设计原理,建立了浸出过程中超声波功率、微波功率、反应时间及三者间交互作用对碲浸出率影响的多元二次回归方程,得到最优浸出工艺。结果表明:仅超声波浸出时,最优条件为超声功率150 W、超声时间30 min、浸出温度90℃、NaClO3添加量为分铜渣量的1.5倍、液固比9∶1、NaOH浓度1.2 mol/L,碲浸出率为93.15%。仅微波浸出时,最优条件为微波功率700 W、微波时间4 min、液固比10∶1、温度85℃、NaClO3添加量为分铜渣量的1.2倍,碲的浸出率达到91.08%。超声-微波协同浸出时,最优条件为超声波功率414 W、微波功率287 W、反应时间14 min,此条件下预测的碲浸出率达到96.73%,其模型为二阶多项式模型,与验证实验中所得的碲平均浸出率为93.40%±0.95%相比,两者偏差较小,与模型相符。

Study on Ultrasonic-Microwave Synergistic Oxidation Leaching of Tellurium from Copper-separated Residue of Copper Anode Slime Based on RSM

In alkaline system,the method of ultrasonic-microwave synergistic oxidation leaching with the oxidant of NaClO3 was used to extract tellurium from copper-separated residue of copper anode slime.Based on the model optimal design principle of response surface method,the multiple quadratic regression equation of the influence of ultrasonic power,microwave power,reaction time and their interaction on the tellurium leaching rate was established,and the optimal leaching process was obtained.The results show that the optimal conditions of ultrasonic leaching are ultrasonic power 150 W,ultrasonic time 30 min,leaching temperature 90 ℃,NaClO3 addition amount 1.5 times copper-separated residue amount,liquid-solid ratio 9∶1 and NaOH concentration 1.2 mol/L,and the leaching rate of tellurium reaches 93.15%.The optimal conditions of microwave leaching are microwave power 700 W,microwave time 4 min,liquid-solid ratio 10∶1,temperature 85 ℃ and NaClO3 addition amount 1.2 times copper-separated residue amount,and the leaching rate of tellurium reaches 91.08%.The optimal conditions of ultrasonic-microwave leaching are ultrasonic power 414 W,microwave power 287 W and reaction time 14 min,and the predicted leaching rate of tellurium is 96.73%.The model is a second-order polynomial model.Compared with the average leaching rate of 93.40%±0.95% obtained in the validation experiment,the predicted value has little deviation,which is consistent with the model.