Three-dimensional analysis of light propagation through uncoated near-field fibre probes

The near-field emission from uncoated tapered fibre probes is investigated for different probe geometries. The three-dimensional model calculations are based on Maxwell's curl equations and describe the propagation of a 10 fs optical pulse (λ = 805 nm) through tapers of different lengths and different diameters of the taper exit. The numerical evaluation is done with a finite difference time domain code. Two tapers with cone angles of 50°, with taper lengths of 1.5 µm and 1.0 µm and exit diameters of 100 nm and 520 nm, respectively, are considered. We find that without sample the short taper with large exit diameter optimizes both light transmission and spatial resolution. In the presence of a sample with a high dielectric constant, however, the spatial near-field distribution changes drastically for both taper geometries. We find a pronounced increase in spatial resolution, down to about 250 nm inside the medium. This collimation of the near-field distribution arises from interferences between emitted and reflected light from the sample surface and from a collimation effect that the field experiences in the high-index semiconductor material. The combination of high spatial resolution and transmission and collection efficiencies makes such probes interesting for spectroscopic investigations, as demonstrated by recent experiments.