甲基膦酸二甲酯/木质素磺酸钠聚氨酯泡沫的制备及其阻燃性能

利用木质素磺酸钠（SLS）替代部分聚醚多元醇，同时将甲基膦酸二甲酯（DMMP）作为添加型阻燃剂，采用"一步发泡法"制备出甲基膦酸二甲酯/木质素磺酸钠聚氨酯泡沫材料（DMMP/SLS/PUF），通过极限氧指数（LOI）测试对其阻燃性能进行分析，探究了SLS替代率及DMMP添加量对材料阻燃性能的影响。并利用锥形量热（CONE）仪和扫描电镜对材料的燃烧行为、残炭量和残炭形貌进行分析。测试结果表明：当SLS替代率为80%时，材料80% SLS/PUF的阻燃性能最好，LOI值达到了24.5%。在该替代率的基础上，DMMP添加量为30%时，材料30% DMMP/80% SLS/PUF的LOI值达到了27.3%。与PUF相比，SLS和DMMP加入使得30% DMMP/80% SLS/PUF的热释放速率由245.2 kW/m²（PUF）降到了166.8 kW/m²、总热释放量和总烟释放量降低到12.1 MJ/m²和3.4 m²，分别降低了0.2 MJ/m²和0.4 m²。同时阻燃剂的加入使材料的残炭量由20.3%提高到了37.3%，促进了材料的成炭，并且炭层表面连续、致密且较光滑，使得材料具有良好的阻燃性能。

Preparation and Flame Retardant Properties of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate/Sodium Lignosulfonate Polyurethane Foam

Sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) was used to replace part of polyether polyol, and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) was used as additive flame retardant, then the sodium lignosulfonate polyurethane foam (SLS/PUF) was prepared by one-step foaming method.The flame retardant properties of the materials were analyzed by limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, and the influence of SLS substitution amount and DMMP addition amount on the material properties were explored. The burning behavior was studied by using the cone calorimeter (CONE). The test results showed that the flame-retardant SLS/PUF material had the best flame-retardant performance when the SLS substitution rate was 80%, and the LOI value reached 24.5%. On the basis of this replacement rate, when the addition amount of DMMP was 30%, the LOI value of the flame-retardant PUF material reaches 27.3%. Compared with pure PUF materials, the addition of SLS and DMMP reduced the heat release rate from 245.2 kW/m² to 166.8 kW/m², and the total heat release and total smoke release also reduced by 0.2 MJ/m² and 0.4 m² and reached 12.1 MJ/m² and 3.4 m². At the same time, the residual carbon content of the flame retardant added material was increased from 20.3% to 37.3%, which promoted the carbon formation of the material and made the SLS/PUF material have good flame retardant properties.