二氧化碳转化催化剂研究进展及相关问题思考

CO₂化学利用对碳资源利用、化解产能过剩、完善相关产业链有重要意义,CO₂转化催化剂研究因此受到广泛关注。针对具有规模应用前景的CO₂加氢合成甲醇、CO₂甲烷化和甲烷CO₂重整催化剂研究现状与存在问题,讨论了计算催化和催化剂强化制备在研究新型高效CO₂转化催化剂中的重要应用,说明了CO₂负离子的潜在应用价值;以等离子体强化制备催化剂为例,强调了多学科交叉的重要性。讨论了制备有利于传热、活性组分优化的结构化催化剂在进一步改进催化剂活性中的重要作用。指出了CO₂温室效应的复杂性,还有一些问题(如人类活动对地球磁场影响进而对气候的影响)并不清楚,强调了加强基础研究对解决这些问题的重要性。

Perspective on catalyst investigation for CO2 conversion and related issues

CO₂ utilization has received worldwide attention. Effective utilization of CO₂ becomes an urgent challenge. As such, developing catalysts and catalytic processes for effective CO₂ conversion will contribute positively to reducing net CO₂ emission. Recent developments of catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol, CO₂ methanation and CO₂ reforming of methane have been briefly reviewed. In particular, novel catalysts developed through computational catalysis and intensified catalyst preparation were presented. The importance of CO₂ anion in CO₂ reduction has been discussed. The plasma enhanced catalyst preparation was used as an example to demonstrate the importance of the multi-disciplinary efforts. Catalysts with optimized structures for heat transfer performance and distribution of active sites for CO₂ conversion have also been discussed. Because of the complexity of global warming, some issues (for example the influence of change in the terrestrial magnetic field induced by human activity) are still not clear and call for more fundamental studies.