Control of annealing twins in type 316 austenitic stainless steel |
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| Affiliation: | 1. ICD, P2MN, LASMIS, University of Technology of Troyes, CNRS FRE 2019, Troyes, France;2. ICD, P2MN, L2n, University of Technology of Troyes, CNRS FRE 2019, Troyes, France;1. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States;2. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916, United States;1. Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States;2. Computational Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States |
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| Abstract: | The twinning frequency expressed as the number of coherent twin boundaries per grain has been investigated as a function of grain size in type 316 and 316L commercial austenitic stainless steels with different carbon contents as well as doped with 30ppm of boron, and subjected to various thermomechanical treatments. Experiments have established that the number of coherent twin boundaries per grain (TB/grain) for grain sizes larger than 0.1 mm, increases linearly with grain size according to the equation: TB/grain = A + Ktd, where A and Kt are constants and d is the true volume grain diameter. In the ultrafine and fine grain size range from 1.5 to 100 μm the number of twins per grain is the lowest one and virtually independent of grain size. Both the increase in carbon content by 0.01% and doping with 30 ppm of boron, significantly suppress the formation of twins. Also, the rate of twins formation depends on whether twins are formed during pure grain growth or simultaneous recrystallization and grain growth. The results obtained are explained in terms of the classical Fullman-Fisher theory of twins formation. |
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