微生物在湿地氮循环系统的效应分析

从湿地植物根区微环境研究出发,分析了湿地系统氮循环中微生物效应及其湿地植物为微生物生长提供的微生态系统功能。指出在湿地系统氮循环中的微生物过程(包括亚硝化、硝化、反硝化和异化作用等)是氮降解的主要过程,植物对营养物质的直接去除所占比例很小,但植物的生理特性从不同途径影响不同氮化合物的微生物转化。厌氧氨氧化过程是一种氮素转化的新途径,能同时将两种氮污染物(氨氮和亚硝酸氮)转化成气态氮,从而高效地减缓氮污染问题。好氧/厌氧界面在湿地植物根区微环境中的广泛存在及有关研究成果,说明了湿地氮循环系统中厌氧氨氧化过程存在的可能性。

Study on the contributions of microorganisms in nitrogen cycle of wetlands

The microenvironment at rhizosphere, the nitrogen cycle and the related microorganisms, and the functions of plants for the microenvironment in wetland systems are reviewed. It is presented that microbial processes (including nitrafication, nitrification, denitrification, and dissimilation etc.) play the most significant role in the degradation of nitrogen compounds. Although plants can only remove a very limited amount of nutrients directly, the physiological characteristics of plants have significant effects on the microbiological transformation of nitrogen compounds. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation is a new pathway in nitrogen cycle, which transforms ammonium and nitrite simultaneously to gaseous nitrogen. It is an efficient way to alleviate pollution caused by nitrogen. The oxic/anoxic interface widely existing at rhizosphere and the related research results show that anaerobic ammonium oxidation is a possible process in wetlands.