明、清北京城垣和城门（一）

明、清时的北京城是在元代“大都城”的基础上改造发展起来的。旧北京城分为内城和外城两部分，内城近方形，外城平面呈“凸”字形。北京内城共九座城门，外城有七座城门，皇城有四座城门。本文具体介绍了内外城门的地理位置、建筑形制、历史修缮情况。

City Wall and City Gates of Beijing during Ming and Qing period

Beijing in the Ming and Qing dynasties was rebuilt and developed on the basis of the "grand capital" of the Yuan Dynasty. The old city of Beijing was divided into the inner city and the outer city. The inner city had nine gates, the outer city had seven gates, and the imperial city had four gates. This paper introduces in detail the geographical location, architectural form and historical renovation of the inner and outer gates.