表面微织构在切削过程中的研究进展

在切削过程中，临近切削刃的刀具前刀面与切屑、刀具后刀面与已加工表面接触区存在的高温高压情况严重影响了刀具服役寿命和工件表面完整性。表面微织构技术是一种先进的表面改性技术，在刀具表面制备不同尺寸参数、形状参数、分布参数的表面织构能够显著影响刀具的切削性能。当刀具表面微织构制备方法不同时，微织构所呈现的性能也不同。首先从制备技术的原理、制备过程、制备技术特点等方面对当前最先进的刀具表面微织构制备技术进行了综述。然后从切削力、切削温度、刀具磨损、切屑形成、工件表面完整性等角度分析了微织构对刀具切削性能的影响规律与机理。在分析切削力、切削温度、刀具磨损、切屑形成等4个指标时重点关注了刀具前刀面微织构所起的作用，在分析工件表面质量时，同时考虑了刀具后刀面微织构、前刀面微织构的影响。最后，介绍了当前微织构的研究热点，主要包括微织构技术与钝化刃口、润滑剂的协同作用对切削性能的影响，以及微织构刀具在切削过程中发生的衍生切削行为。通过对文献的归纳、总结与深入分析，给出了表面微织构未来的研究方向，为刀具进一步优化提供设计参考。

Advanced Research Progress of Surface Micro-texture in Cutting Process

In the cutting, the high temperature and large pressure existing in the contact area between the rake face of cutting tool and the bottom of workpiece, and the flank face of cutting tool and machined surface near the cutting edge will do a grave harm to the service life of the cutting tool as well as the surface integrity of the workpiece. Surface micro-texture technology, an advanced surface modification technology, can significantly affect the cutting performance exerted by cutter through preparing surface textures with different size parameters, shape parameters, and distribution parameters on the surface of the tool. As the preparation method of the tool surface micro-texture is different, the performance exerted by the micro-texture is also diverse. Therefore, this paper first reviews the most advanced surface micro-texture preparation technologies for cutting tool from such aspects as the preparation technology principle, preparation process, and preparation technology characteristics and so on. Then, the influence law and effecting mechanism of micro-texture on the cutting performance performed by the cutting tool are analyzed from the perspectives of cutting force, cutting temperature, tool wear, chip formation and workpiece surface integrity. In the analysis of the four indicators, namely cutting force, cutting temperature, tool wear and chip formation, more attention is placed on the influence brought by the micro-texture on the rake surface of the cutting tool because the above mentioned four indicators are mainly affected by the interaction of the contact interface between the cutting tool and chip. With contrast, the influences generated by both micro-texture on rake surface and on flank surface of the cutting tool are considered when analyzing surface quality exerted by the workpiece due to the following two aspects. On one hand, the geometry exerted by the flank face of cutting tool directly affects the surface quality performed by the workpiece. On the other hand, the variation in cutting force, cutting temperature, tool wear and chip formation will indirectly the interaction between the flank face of cutting tool and the surface of workpiece, thereby affecting the surface quality exerted by the workpiece. After analyzing the influence brought by the micro-texture on the rake face and on flank face of the cutting tool to the workpiece surface quality, the current research hotspots of micro-texture are introduced. They involve the synergistic effects of micro-texture combined with blunt cutting edge and lubricants respectively on cutting performance, the derivative cutting behavior of micro-texture tool during the cutting process. When analyzing the synergistic effects between the micro-texture and blunt cutting edge, the influence of the combination of different tool passivation technologies and different micro-texture parameters on the performance exerted by cutting tool are investigated. When exploring the synergistic effects between the micro-texture and lubricants, the combination of the micro-texture with solid lubricants and liquid lubricants respectively are also included, in which the unique characteristic exerted by micro-texture and lubricants are analyzed respectively. By summarizing and analyzing literatures, numerous possibilities of research about surface micro-texture in the future are given, which can provide helpful design for the further optimization of cutting tool.