高硼铁基耐磨熔覆层研究进展

高硼铁基合金是一种原位生成硼化物硬质相的铁基耐磨材料，具有高硬度、良好的高温稳定性以及低成本的优势，近年来受到了广泛的研究，国内外大量研究通过对硼化物形态进行调控，以达到抑制裂纹以及提高耐磨性能的目的。从材料体系和熔覆层制备技术2大方面系统地综述了高硼铁基耐磨熔覆层近年来的研究进展。首先重点介绍了Fe–B–C、Fe–B–Cr–C、Fe–B–Cr–Mo–C等3种常见的高硼铁基材料体系，详细阐述了各体系合金成分与原位生成硼化物硬质相类型、形态、分布间的相互作用规律，并给出各体系硼化物随成分含量变化的显微形貌图。归纳总结了成分设计及热处理工艺对合金组织演变及耐磨性能的影响，并分析了其他元素对高硼铁基合金组织性能的影响。其次，介绍了高硼铁基耐磨熔覆层制备技术，包括等离子熔覆、激光熔覆、电子束熔覆与氩弧熔覆，分析了如复合热源和外加磁场等可行的熔覆技术改进方法，并讨论了制备工艺对熔覆层的影响。最后对高硼铁基材料未来的研究及应用方向进行了展望。

Research Progress of High Boron Fe-based Wear-resistant Cladding Layer

High boron Fe-based alloy is a Fe-based wear-resisting material with in-situ formation of boride. It has the advantages of high hardness, high temperature stability and low cost. In recent years, it has been widely studied. In this paper, the research progress of high boron Fe-based wear-resistant cladding coating in recent years was systematically reviewed from two aspects of material system and preparation technology of cladding layer. Firstly, three high boron Fe-based material system (Fe-B-C, Fe-B-Cr-C, Fe-B-Cr-Mo-C) were introduced. The interaction law between the alloy components and the type, morphology and distribution of in-situ boride hard phase was described. The micrograph of borides with the change of components content was given. The effects of components design and heat treatment process on the microstructure evolution and wear resistance of the alloy were summarized. At the same time, the influence of other elements on the microstructure and properties of high boron Fe-based alloy was analyzed. And then the preparation technology of high boron Fe-based wear-resistant cladding was introduced, including plasma cladding, laser cladding, electron beam cladding and argon arc cladding. The feasible improvement methods of cladding technology were analyzed, such as compound heat source and applied magnetic field. The influence of the preparation technology on the cladding layer was discussed. In addition, the research direction and the application prospects of high boron Fe-based alloy cladding were forecasted.