无叶扩压器对离心压缩机流场及性能影响的数值研究

采用自编的CFD程序数值研究了无叶扩压器对离心压缩机流场及气动性能的影响.采用当地时间步长、多重网格以及隐式参差光顺等技术来加速收敛,以质量流量来代替出口静压的出口边界条件,使出口静压在计算过程中与给定的流量工况自动匹配,大大节省了计算时间.对Krain叶轮后带等面积与直壁两种形式的无叶扩压器离心压缩机内部流场进行了计算与分析,结果表明:直壁型无叶扩压器离心压缩机的效率低于等面积无叶扩压器离心压缩机的效率;直壁型无叶扩压器使得叶轮出口的流动出现分离;扩压器的形式对离心叶轮的整体气动性能影响并不大;在进行离心叶轮数值研究时,叶轮后的延伸区最好采用等面积无叶扩压器,以尽量减小无叶扩压器所引起的计算误差.

Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Vaneless Diffusers on the Flow and Performance of a Centrifugal Compressor

Aimming at studying numerically the influence of the vaneless diffuser on the three-dimensional viscous flowflied and performance of the centrifugal compressor,a three-dimensional viscous CFD code developed by the authors was applied with several acceleration methods: local time-step, multigrid and residual smoothing. Additionally, the imposed mass-flow was developed instead of the traditional static pressure as the exit boundary condition to improve the computational efficiency, and the exit static pressure will be updated automatically until it was matched with the imposed mass-flow at convergence. The flowfield and performance of a centrifugal compressor was predicted and analysed, which was composed of a Krain’s impeller and two types of vaneless diffuser specially: one was constant area vaneless diffuser and the other was the straight-wall. The results show that the efficiency of the straight-wall vaneless diffuser is obviously lower than that of the constant area, and a separate flow occurs nearby the exit of the centrifugal impeller with the straight-wall diffuser. However, the type of vaneless diffuser has little influence on the aerodynamics performance of the centrifugal impeller. Finally, it is suggested that the constant-area vaneless diffuser should be selected as the downstream extended area of the centrifugal impeller during the prediction for the centrifugal impeller.