Development of a fully injectable calcium phosphate cement for orthopedic and dental applications |
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Authors: | Manoj Komath H K Varma |
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Affiliation: | (1) Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, 695 012 Thiruvananthapuram, India |
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Abstract: | A study on the development of a fully injectable calcium phosphate cement for orthopedic and dental applications is presented.
The paper describes its characteristic properties including results of biocompatibility studies.
A conventional two-component calcium phosphate cement formulation (having a powder part containing dry mixture of acidic and
basic calcium phosphate particles and a liquid part containing phosphate solution) is modified with a biocompatible gelling
agent, to induce flow properties and cohesion. The quantity of the gelling agent is optimized to get a viscous paste, which
is smoothly injectable through an 18-gauge needle, with clinically relevant setting parameters.
The new formulation has a setting time of 20 min and a compressive strength of 11 MPa. The X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform
infrared spectrometry, and energy dispersive electron microprobe analyses showed the phase to be hydroxyapatite, the basic
bone mineral. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a porous structure with particle sizes of a few micrometers. The cement
did not show any appreciable dimensional or thermal change during setting. The injectability is estimated by extruding through
needle and the cohesive property is assessed by water contact method. The cement passed the in vitro biocompatibility screening
(cytotoxicity and haemolysis) tests. |
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Keywords: | Calcium phosphate cements hydroxyapatite bioceramics bone substitute orthopedic dental |
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