荷载作用下老采空区地表移动规律的试验研究

利用相似材料模拟试验动态模拟采空区形成过程，当采煤结束且采空区基本稳定后，通过在采空区的不同位置逐级加荷载来分析研究老采空区地表的移动和变形规律。试验结果表明：（1）加载后地表各参数的残余变形均有所增加，其最大残余变形值基本发生在采空区两侧；（2）荷载越大，地表的残余变形越大；（3）荷载布置在采空区两侧比布置在中央引起的残余变形要大；（4）采深采厚比越小，地面荷载对采空区的扰动影响越大。并列举工程实例对试验结果进行了初步验证。

Experiment Research on the Law of the Ground Surface Movement on the Old Goaf in Load

The formation process of goaf was dynamically simulated by similar material simulation experiment. After mining coal was finished and the goal was basically stable, deformation regularity of surface migrating was studied under gradual loading on different location of goaf. The results show that the residual deformation of the ground surface increases under loading and the maximum values of residual deformation occur on both sides of goaf. The residual deformation of ground surface increases with loading. The residual deformation caused by load arranged on both side of goal is bigger than that caused by load arranged in the central of goat＇. When the ratio of depth mining and thickness mining is smaller, the influence of surface load on disturbance of goaf is bigger. Finally the experimental. results are proved by two engineering examples.