Evaluating different hermetic storage technologies to arrest mold growth,prevent mycotoxin accumulation and preserve germination quality of stored chickpea in Ethiopia |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia;2. Department of Dryland Crop and Horticultural Sciences, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia;3. Hawassa University, College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia;4. Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, SC, 29117, USA;5. Feed the Future Innovation Lab for the Reduction of Post-Harvest Loss, and Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA;6. Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA;1. Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia;2. Jimma University, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia;3. Universität Kassel - FG Agrartechnik, Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany;1. Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire pour la Vulgarisation Agricole et le Développement Local (CREIVADEL), Université Notre Dame d’Haiti, Faculté d’Agronomie, BP: HT 8110, Redon, Torbeck, Sud d’Haïti, Haiti;2. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy;1. Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Food and Marine Resources Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Shahrah-e-Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Off University Road, Karachi, 75280, Sindh, 74200, Pakistan;2. Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75370, Sindh, 74200, Pakistan;1. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Sriniketan, 731236, West Bengal, India;2. ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India;3. Department of Agricultural Statistics, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Sriniketan, 731236, West Bengal, India;1. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA;2. Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA;3. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana;4. National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Balcarce, Argentina |
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| Abstract: | Chickpea is an economically important pulse produced by millions of smallholder farmers as a source of food, income and nutrition in Ethiopia. Mold infection and mycotoxin production can potentially lead to significant losses of chickpea during storage. Under laboratory conditions we tested comparative effects of hermetic and traditional storage structures on mold infection, germination and mycotoxin levels of chickpea. Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags, Super GrainPro (SGP) bags, and small metal bins were compared to the traditional and popularly used chickpea storage structures such as polypropylene (PP) bags and jute bags over a six-month storage period. Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, chickpea temperature and moisture, seed infection with molds and percentage germination and mycotoxins levels were determined every two months for six months. In PICS bags, SGP bags and metal bins chickpea temperature and moisture changed very little during storage, whereas in jute and PP bags significant temperature and moisture increases were observed. Oxygen levels in PICS and SGP bags decreased from 20% to 8–10% in six months and carbon dioxide levels increased from 0.4% to 10% in PICS bags and from 0.1% to 17% in SGP bags. In jute and PP bags, oxygen levels were around 20% but carbon dioxide levels increased from 0.05% to 0.1–0.2%, perhaps due to mold activity. Mold infection decreased over time in chickpea stored in PICS bags, SGP bags, and metal bins, and seed germination was high (82–92%). Mold infection increased and seed germination decreased in chickpea stored in jute and PP bags. Increases in levels of aflatoxin, fumonisin, deoxynevalenol, and ochratoxin were observed only for chickpea stored in metal bins, and in jute and PP bags. Our study showed that PICS and SGP bags can effectively arrest mold growth, mycotoxin accumulation and preserve germination of chickpea during six months of storage. |
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| Keywords: | Chickpea Hermetic storage Gas concentrations Seed infection Seed germination Mycotoxins |
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