Development of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on sorghum milling fractions |
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| Affiliation: | 1. USDA-ARS-Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA;2. Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA;1. Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt;2. Environment and Bio-Agriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt;3. Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, 21545, El-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt;1. Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan;2. Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, D-15374, Müncheberg, Germany;3. Department of Zoology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany;4. Department of Biogeography, Faculty of Regional and Environmental Sciences, Trier University, Germany;5. Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece;1. Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea;2. Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan;3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, 141 Chalmers Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;1. Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str. Nea Ionia, Volos, Magnesia, 38446, Greece;2. Analytical Chemistry and Pesticides Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str., Nea Ionia, Magnesia, 38446, Greece;1. Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, 400076, India;2. Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, MH, India;3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, 400076, India |
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| Abstract: | A series of tests was conducted to determine if Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, could survive on six milled sorghum fractions: Bran, Coarse Grits, Fine Grits, Flour, Red Dogs, and Shorts. In the first test, parental adults were exposed on the fractions, removed, and then the fractions were held for six-seven weeks at 27 °C. Late instar larvae and progeny adults were present in all fractions. In the second test, at least 80% of single neonates (1-2-day-old larvae) held on 1 g of a fraction at 27 °C for seven weeks were able to complete development to the adult stage. In the final test, individual neonates were held on 1 g of a fraction at 37 °C, 32 °C, 27 °C, or 22 °C. Time to adult emergence at each temperature ranged from 17 to 23 days, 21–27 days, 28–50 days, and 67–113 days, respectively, depending on the specific fraction. Logistic functions were compared for mean developmental times for each temperature-fraction combination. The six fractions were also analyzed for ash, fat, fiber, moisture, protein, and starch content. The fractions varied with respect to these chemical constituents; fat and moisture content were negatively correlated with development in some comparisons, though overall there was no correlation between these chemical components and neonate development on the fractions. Temperature had an obvious effect on neonate development, which has implications for assessing risk of pest infestations inside sorghum mills during warmer months of the calendar year. In addition, T. castaneum will reproduce and develop on all of the sorghum fractions included in this study, which are commonly generated during the sorghum milling process. Sanitation and removal of residual materials such as the measured fractions could also help with overall pest management of T. castaneum. |
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| Keywords: | Sorghum Fractions Insects |
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