新型烷基糖苷季铵盐的制备及性能

以十二烷基二甲基叔胺盐酸盐和环氧氯丙烷为原料合成中间体N-(3-氯-2-羟丙基)-N,N-二甲基-N-十二烷基氯化铵(CHPDDAC),然后与非离子烷基糖苷(APG)进行季铵化反应生成烷基糖苷季铵盐(APGQAS)。通过红外光谱及元素分析确定其化学结构,并对产物的表面活性、与AES的复配性能、泡沫性能、生物降解性、抗静电性能和杀菌性能进行了测定。结果表明,其CMC为3.16×10-4mol/L,γCMC为21.51 mN/m;Krafft点为-3.57℃;与AES复配时,当n(APGQAS)/n(AES)<0.8或n(APGQAS)/n(AES)>1.0时,溶液的透光率均大于90%;在去离子水中的初始泡沫体积为308 mL;6 d后生物降解率达90%以上;在浓度为5 g/L时,处理的聚酯布抗静电性能最好;对杆状菌和大肠杆菌的杀菌作用良好。

Preparation and property of a new type of alkyl polyglucosides quaternary ammonium salt

N-(3-chlorine-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecyl-ammonium chloride(CHPDDAC) was synthesized with N,N-dimethyl dodecyl amine hydrochlorate and epichlorohydrin.Then alkyl polyglucosides(APG) was quaternizing modified into alkyl polyglucosides quaternary ammonium salt(APGQAS) by CHPDDAC.The structure of APGQAS was characterized by FTIR spectrum and elementary analysis.Surface activity,composition properties with AES,foam properties,biodegradability,antistatic qualities and anti-bacterial property were measured.The results showed that CMC of the product was 3.16×10-4 mol/L,γCMC was 21.51 mN/m,Krafft point was-3.57 ℃;the transmittance of mixed system was over 90% when n(APGQAS)/n(AES)<0.8 or n(APGQAS)/n(AES)>1.0;the foaming volume reached 308 mL in distilled water;the degradation rate was 90% after 6 d;the antistatic qualities of polyester fabric was best when the disposing liquid concentration was 5 g/L;the antibacterial was good on rod-shaped bacteria and escherichia coli.