热喷涂金属基防滑耐磨涂层的研究进展

采用热喷涂技术制备的金属基防滑涂层能有效增强材料表面间的摩擦阻力,同时在耐磨及防腐等方面表现出良好的性能,在工业生产、海洋平台及船舶甲板等领域有广泛应用。相对于高分子防滑涂层,金属基涂层具有使用寿命长、摩擦系数稳定、不使用有毒溶剂等优点。首先介绍了金属基防滑涂层的防滑原理、制备工艺及特点,分别阐述了四类金属基(Al基、Fe基、NiCr基和Co基)防滑涂层的研究现状及其应用背景,分析喷涂工艺参数、粉末参数、服役环境等因素对涂层摩擦学行为的影响规律。作为防滑涂层,Al基涂层具有良好的耐腐蚀性能且价格相对低廉;Fe基、NiCr基均表现出较好的抗高温磨损性能及耐蚀性能,但Fe基非晶涂层成本偏高;Co基涂层的低温耐磨性较优越。在实际应用中需要根据服役条件选择防滑材料,再根据材料本身特性选取相应的喷涂工艺。最后提出新型防滑材料、涂层制备技术及先进表征技术应是今后金属基防滑涂层的重点研究方向。

Thermal Sprayed Metal-based Non-skid Wear-resistant Coatings

Metal-based non-skid coatings prepared by adopting thermal spraying technology can effectively enhance frictional resistance between material surfaces, and show excellent performance in terms of wear resistance and corrosion prevention, hence they are widely used in fields of industrial production, offshore platform and ship deck. Compared with polymer macromolecular non-skid coatings, metal-based coatings have such advantages as long service life, stable friction coefficient and no toxic solvent. Firstly, anti-skid principle, preparation technology and characteristics of the metal-based non-skid coatings were introduced. Research status and application background of four types of metal base (Al-based, Fe-based, NiCr-based and Co-based) were illustrated. Law of influence of such factors as spraying process parameters, powder parameters and service environment on tribological behavior of the coatings was analyzed. As non-skid coatings, Al-based coatings feature in good corrosion resistance and low price; Fe-based and NiCr-based coatings show good high temperature corrosion resistance and erosion resistance; but Fe-based amorphous coatings are at high cost; and Co-based coatings exhibit excellent low temperature corrosion resistance. In practical application, antiskid materials are selected according to service conditions, and spraying technologies are selected according to characteristics of the material itself. Finally, it was proposed that new non-skid materials, coating preparation technology and advanced characterization techniques would be focused research directions of metal-based non-skid coatings in the future.