AES and core level photoemission in the study of a-C and a-C:H |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;3. National Engineering Research Center for Equipment and Technology of Cold Strip Rolling, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;1. Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan;2. Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, 4-2-1 Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8551, Japan;1. Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK;2. Medical Physics Department, Cancer Centre, Prince Mohammed Medical City, P.O. Box 2254, Sakaka Aljouf 42421, Saudi Arabia;3. Physics Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah, P.O. Box 175, Saudi Arabia;4. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia;5. Physics Department, Taif University, Al-Taif, PO Box 888, Saudi Arabia;6. The Surface Analysis Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK;7. Department of Radiological Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;8. Sunway University, Institute for Health Care Development, Jalan Universiti, 46150 PJ, Malaysia;1. Department of Physics, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74831, Iran;2. Department of Semiconductors, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj 3177983634, Iran |
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| Abstract: | The state of the art in the use of two probes of the occupied electron states, namely C KVV Auger emission and C 1s photoemission, in the study of a-C and a-C:H is reviewed, with particular attention to the issue of deriving the sp2 fraction. The local character of the two probes justifies decomposition of the relative spectra into an sp2 and an sp3 component. While however decomposition of the C 1s spectrum relies upon a theoretical basis and allows accounting for disorder effects in the amorphous state, no theory is available to support C KVV spectrum decomposition which has therefore to rely upon a purely empirical basis. In addition, the introduction of disorder related effects is not straightforward for this spectrum. A real validation of the sp2 fraction measurement is lacking for both techniques, though there are indications that both allow qualitative or even semi-quantitative (C 1s spectrum) understanding of the electronic structure of amorphous carbon systems. Beside the sp2 fraction evaluation, other pieces of information, concerning the spatial organization of the sp2 sites, are possibly extracted from these spectra. |
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