Inactivation and removal of Klebsiella michiganensis biofilm attached to the inner surfaces of piping by plasma-activated microbubble water (PMBW) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA;2. College of Agriculture and Food Science, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA;1. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;2. Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, 213 L.J. Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA;1. Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;1. Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization–DEMETER, Lykovrissi, 14123 Attica, Greece;2. Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Attica, Greece;1. School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;3. School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China;1. Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China;2. School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Shanxi Datong 037009, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China;4. China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Plasma-activated microbubble water (PMBW) is an environmentally friendly sanitizer that possesses potent antimicrobial activities and imparts substantial shear stress to food contact surfaces. In this study, PMBW, plasma-activated water (PAW), microbubble water (MBW), and chlorine water (100 mg/L) were used to clean PVC tubing inoculated by Klebsiella michiganensis. The sanitizer flow with microbubble was numerically simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics® and the shear stress imparted to the bacteria was calculated. The presence of microbubbles in the flow increased the shear stress imparted to the bacteria. The number of K. michiganensis on the inner surfaces of the pipes was ∼7.4 log CFU/cm2 before washing. PMBW showed the most potent antimicrobial effect, which reduced the number of bacteria by 3.1 log CFU/cm2 at a flow velocity of 1 m/s. PAW, MBW, and chlorine water reduced a similar number of bacteria (2.4 log CFU/ cm2 to 2.6 log CFU/ cm2) at all the selected flow velocities. DI water only reduced the number of K. michiganensis by 0.7 log CFU/ cm2 at 1 m/s flow velocity.Industrial relevancePMBW can potentially be an environmentally friendly sanitizer, which can be employed by food processors to clean their food processing equipment with minimized usage of chemical sanitizers. The technology developed in this study will benefit the food industry by mitigating potential risks of foodborne pathogens without generating environmental hazards. |
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