蒸汽管道应力对引风机汽轮机振动的影响

中国石油塔里木石化分公司合成氨装置一段转化炉引风机汽轮机在试车时振动异常，为保证试车成功，对可能引起设备振动的原因（如联轴器对中度、汽轮机转子的弯曲度、汽轮机轴瓦和猫爪间隙及汽轮机缸体位移量等）进行逐项排查，确定汽轮机蒸汽管线产生的推力是造成振动的根本原因；同时对汽轮机管口的推力及力矩进行校核，发现蒸汽出口管道作用于汽轮机管口的力和力矩以及汽轮机管口的力和力矩折算至排汽管中心线均不符合美国全国电气制造商协会标准NEMASM23要求，说明汽轮机管系状态存在问题。在查找过程中，因引风机组多次试车，汽轮机动、静部件的摩擦，加之转子盘车器棘轮的碰损造成转子弯曲，破坏了转子动平衡，引起汽轮机后续的振动。采取增加膨胀节、调整支撑弹簧力、增加限位支撑、消除动不平衡等措施后，解决了汽轮机的振动问题。

Influence of Steam Pipeline Stress to Vibration of Turbine for Flue Gas Blower

The abnormal vibration of turbine for flue gas blower in the primary reformer of ammonia plant in company of the authors emerged at the trial running. In order to ensure the trial running successful, all possible factors for the vibration were checked such as coupling concentricity, curvature of rotor in the turbine, bearing pads clearance, bracket clearance and displacement of the turbine, the root cause of vibration resulted from a thrust of steam pipeline to the turbine. It was found that the following data was not corresponding requirements in SM23 of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association standard, forces and moments in the steam outlet conduit acting on the turbine nozzle and forces and moments in the turbine nozzle corrected to the exhaust pipe centerline, troubles in the pipelines. The subsequent vibration of the turbine was resulted from the rotor dynamic balance destroyed, because the rotor was bended by collision from the turning ratchet and irrational friction between the moving and static parts of the turbine. In order to get rid of the vibrations the following methods were put into effect, installation quantity of expansion joints increased, support spring force adjusted, more limit support applied and elimination of dynamic imbalance.