Photo-enhancement of Cr(VI) reduction by fungal biomass of Neurospora crassa |
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| Authors: | YC Lin SL Wang WC Shen PM Huang PN Chiang JC Liu CC Chen YM Tzou |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC;3. Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;4. The Experimental Forest, National Taiwan University, Nantou 55743, Taiwan, ROC;5. Agricultural Research Institute No.189, Chungcheng Rd., Wufong, Taichung County 41301, Taiwan, ROC;6. Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, ROC;1. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China;2. College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China;1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Namgu, Inha-ro100, Incheon, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA;1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China;2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Ü rümqi 830054, Xinjiang, PR China;3. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China;4. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China;5. School of Textiles, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China;1. Department of Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Madrid, Spain;2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA;3. Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Various organisms such as fungus are capable of reducing Cr(VI) to less toxic Cr(III). However, light-induced Cr(VI) reduction by fungus is less reported and needs to be explored since anthropogenic or natural activities may bring these two reactants into a sunlit environment. In this study, the interactions and reaction mechanisms of Cr(VI) on a model fungus, Neurospora crassa, were evaluated in the presence or absence of light. The influence of ferric ion, a widely distributed metal, on Cr(VI) reduction by the fungus was also investigated under illumination. The results show that 20–54% of added Cr(VI) (96.2 μM) was removed by 1 g of dead fungal biomass (i.e., 1–2.7 mg Cr(VI) reduction by 1 g biomass) at pH 1–3, after 6 h reaction in the dark. However, 96.2 μM Cr(VI) disappeared completely (i.e., 5 mg Cr(VI) reduction by 1 g biomass) under the same reaction time and experimental conditions when light was present. The rapid disappearance of Cr(VI) in solution was due to the reduction of Cr(VI) by the excited biomass upon light absorption, and the rates of redox reactions increased with a decrease at pH. Cr(VI) reduction could be further increased with the addition of 89.5 μM Fe(III) because the formation of Fe(II) from the photolysis of Fe–organic complexes enhanced Cr(VI) reduction. Spectroscopic studies indicated that the amide,  NH, and carboxyl groups of N. c.-biomass may be responsible for initiating Cr(VI) reduction; comparatively, the cyclo-carbons of chitin, glucan, and their derivatives were more persistent to the oxidation by Cr(VI). Accordingly, fungi containing high amount of carboxyl, amide, and NH groups may be preferable as efficient reductants for scavenging Cr(VI) from environment. Upon the absorption of a renewable light source, Cr(VI) could be converted rapidly by the biomaterials to the less toxic Cr(III). |
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| Keywords: | Neurospora crassa Fungal biomass Photo-reduction Chromium |
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