Synthesis of TiO2 nanotube films via pulsed laser deposition followed by a hydrothermal treatment

Titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of P25 and P90 TiO₂ nanoparticles onto stainless steel foils followed by a hydrothermal treatment (HT). Heating the PLD films in a TNT precursor solution at 150°C resulted in a well-adhered dense mat of TNTs that were ～10?nm in diameter with a pore size of ～4?nm. The TiO₂ nanotube films were characterised by SEM, TEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy.