低碳经济时代核电发展与铀辐射污染防治的法律应对

为应对气候变化,迎合低碳的理念,按《核电中长期发展规划2005-2020年》,核电得到了快速发展,但铀开发也带来了辐射污染的环境问题。对于铀辐射污染的防治,除注重技术治理外,更要强调法律的规制。我国已形成了相对完善的铀辐射污染防治的法律法规体系,但是法律规定简单或者可操作性不强,各执法主体间缺乏沟通协调,行政监督管理流于形式,能源法与环境保护脱节,忽视能源生产对环境产生的负面影响等,使得铀辐射防治现实与理想存在着较大的差距。我国防治铀开采辐射危害的立法必须加以完善,如立法强化其可操作性,理顺执法主体间的监管职责,加强协调与监督,原子能法应确定核能与生态环境协调发展的理念与原则等。

Development of Nuclear Power and Legal Strategies against UraniumRadiation Pollution in the Era of Low-carbon Economy

In response to climate change,to meet the concept of low-carbon,according to a " nuclear and long-term development plan 2005-2020" ,but development of uranium resources brings up environmental problem of uranium radioactive contamination. For the prevention of uranium radiation pollution,in addition to pay attention to control technologies,but also the legal regulation should be emphasized. China has established perfecter regulative and legal systems for the prevention of uranium radiation pollution,but as the laws are simple,the feasibility of law enforcement is deficient,there is lack of communication and coordination between subjects of law enforcement,the administrative supervision and management become a mere formality,energy law is out of touch with environmental protection,the negative impact of energy production on the environment is ignored,and so on,there is greater disparity between the reality and the ideal of the prevention of uranium radiation pollution. The China’s legislation in the prevention of radiation hazards caused by uranium mining must be improved,such as enhancing the feasibility of law enforcement,rationalizing the supervision and management responsibilities of subject of law enforcement,strengthening coordination and supervision,defining the concepts and principles of achieving harmonious development of nuclear power and the ecological environment in the Atomic Energy Act.