合理开发和保护银川市地下水资源

银川市自20世纪70年代以后，地下水的开采已形成规模，地下水的开采层位也由浅层潜水转向深层承压水．根据地下水动态长期监测资料，银川市地下水由于集中超量开采，造成区域地下水位持续下降，现已形成较大规模的降落漏斗．地下水资源的平衡是一个动态平衡，在总的系统中补给和排泄，任何一项的变化都将引起地下水动态的变化(即水位、水量、水质的变化)，而地下水动态的变化也会引起地表生态环境的变化．上部潜水虽然有储存资源，但由于其不同程度的污染，可饮用水很少；第一承压水由于局部地区受到污染，其补给量主要靠上层潜水的越流补给，可开采资源也是有限的；第二承压水虽埋藏较深，但不宜大量开采．所以，地下水资源的科学管理势在必行．要实现银川市可持续发展，就得合理开发和保护地下水资源．

Reasonable use and protection of the groundwater resource in Yinchuan city

Yinchuan city has a long history of groundwater using. The groundwater in this region has high quality and shallow water table, and is very easy to be used, so it has been the only water resource of the residents and industries of Yinchuan region. With rapid progress of the population and national economy, groundwater has been taken seriously. Ever since 1970s, the amount of groundwater using has been really large, and thus the using of beared water has been focused on . According to the long term monitoring data of this region, the water table has fallen continuously and formed some large scale sinking funnels. The groundwater system has an active balance, and it replaces and discharges in the whole system. The change of every item affects the balance (change of water table, quality and quantity). The change can also affect the environment of the surface. The unbeared water and the first beared water has been polluted some way now and the second beared water is not suitable for large amount of using. So the scientific management of groundwater is necessary. It is very important to reasonably use and protect the groundwater resource in the region.