长链烷基苯磺酸钠Gemini表面活性剂的合成和表面活性

以脂肪酸、苯酚、乙二醇为原料,经酰化反应、酯化反应、Fries重排、氢化还原反应、磺化以及中和反应等步骤,合成出3种长链烷基苯磺酸钠Gem in i表面活性剂。用IR、1HNMR和ESI-MS对产物进行了结构鉴定。以W ilhelmy-p late法测定了30℃时它们在水溶液中的临界胶束浓度(CMC)和临界胶束浓度下的表面张力(γCMC)。纯水溶液中其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为10-4~10-5mol/L,γCMC为35~37 mN/m;随着苯环上长链烷基碳数(n=8、10、12)的增加,CMC分别为5.94×10-4、1.53×10-5、0.46×10-5mol/L;γCMC分别为36.9、34.4、34.4 mN/m。结果表明,此类表面活性剂具有比较好的表面活性。

Synthesis and Surface Activity of Gemini Surfactants Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulfonates

Three novel surfactants,Gemini surfactants sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates,were synthesized from fatty acid,phenol and ethylene glycol through the Friedel-Crafts acylation,esterification,Fries rearrangement,Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation,sulfonation and neutralization.The structures of these products were characterized by IR,1HNMR and ESI-MS methods.The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the surface tension at the CMC (γ_(CMC)) of the surfactants in aqueous solution at 30 ℃ were measured by means of the Wilhelmy-plate method.The results show that the values of CMC (mol/L) reached to the order of magnitude of 10~(-4)～10~(-5) and the values of γ_(CMC) were 35～37 mN/m.Both the CMC (respectively 5.94×10~(-4),1.53×10~(-5),0.46×10~(-5)mol/L) and γ_(CMC) (respectively 36.9,34.4,34.4 mN/m) decrease,as the carbon atom number (n=8,10,12) of the substituted hydrophobic chain in benzene ring increases.The experiment results showed that these surfactants have high surface activities.