The formation of CuInSe2 thin film solar cell absorbers from electroplated precursors with varying selenium content |
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Authors: | S. Jost, F. Hergert, R. Hock, J. Schulze, A. Kirbs, T. Voß ,M. Purwins |
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Affiliation: | aChair for Crystallography and Structural Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany;bAtotech Deutschland GmbH, Erasmusstraße 20, D-10553 Berlin, Germany;cCrystal Growth Laboratory, Department of Materials Science VI, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany |
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Abstract: | We present results from real-time X-ray diffraction experiments on the formation of CuInSe2 solar cell absorbers by annealing precursors, produced by simultaneous electrodeposition of copper, indium and selenium. The investigations reveal, that a reduced amount of electrochemically deposited selenium is the decisive parameter in order to realise a chalcopyrite formation behaviour as observed for sputtered stacked elemental layer (SEL) precursors. A simultaneous electrodeposition of the elements copper, indium and selenium in the molar ratio 1:1:2 of the chalcopyrite CuInSe2 leads to the formation of binary copper and indium selenides during the electrodeposition process. The existence of binary selenides besides the intermetallic phase Cu11In9 as initial phases leads to an unfavourable absorber morphology. This can be explained by the observed semiconductor formation mechanism. A reduction of the deposited amount of selenium favours the formation of the intermetallic compound Cu11In9 and reduces the amount of binary selenides. These precursors show a formation behaviour and resulting absorber morphology as known for sputtered SEL precursors. |
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Keywords: | CuInSe2 Chalcopyrites Thin films Real-time X-ray diffraction Electrodeposition |
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