我国近现代煤炭资源型城市发展、问题及趋势初探

煤炭资源型城市是在煤矿—矿区的发展过程中逐渐形成的，我国早期形成的煤矿或矿区为我国工业发展提供了大量的能源，并且这些煤矿或矿区的建设为我国煤炭资源型城市的形成奠定了基础，由此陆续经历了煤炭资源型城市的萌芽、快速发展、预转型和转型时期，其间煤炭资源型城市不断更替，有些城市已不再属于此类范畴，有些地区形成新的煤炭资源型城市。目前我国的煤炭资源型城市有73个，占资源型城市的38.9%（不包括县和市辖区），主要分布于东北、中部和南部地区。在一百多年的发展历程中，煤炭资源型城市的产业结构、城市功能、矿城分离、生态环境等方面的问题日益成为城市转型的阻碍，因此对城市发展而言应以国家政策为指导，完善城市功能，提升城市质量。

DEVELOPMENT,ISSUES AND TENDENCY OF CHINA'S COAL-RESOURCE-BASED CITIES

Coal-resource-based cities have been formed as coal mine developed. Coal mines which came into being in the early times provided large quantity of energy for China's industrial growth, which determines China's coal-resource-based cities through starting, rapid developing, pre-transforming and transforming periods. Coal resource-based cities also altered, some may not belong to coal cities, and some areas are becoming new coal cities. There are totally 73 coal-resource-based cities, 38.9% of resource-based cities (excluding counties and districts), mainly distributing in northeast, central and southern China. Over 100-year's evolution, industrial structure, urban function, mining/city separation, eco-environment of coal-resource-based cities have been becoming the barrier against urban transformation. This paper presents suggestions on guideline of governmental policies, optimizing urban function and improving urban quality.