Time-dependent smoke yield and mass loss of pool fires in a reduced-scale mechanically ventilated compartment |
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| Affiliation: | 1. UMR 6614 CORIA, INSA de Rouen, Avenue de l’université, BP12, 76800 St Etienne du Rouvray, France;2. AREVA NC, 1 place Jean Millier, F-92084 Paris La Défense Cedex, France;1. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;2. Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia;3. School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Victoria 3083, Australia;1. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;2. Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia;1. Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSN-RES/SCA/LPMA, PSN-RES/SCA/LECEV, Gif-Sur-Yvette 91192, France;2. Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7325, CINaM, 13009 Marseille, France;3. CORIA-UMR 6614-Normandie Université, CNRS-Université et Insa de Rouen, Campus Universitaire du Madrillet, 76800 Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray, France;1. Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India;2. Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India;1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China;2. Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;1. Safety and Transport – Fire Research, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Sweden;2. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, China |
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| Abstract: | Technical and pure grades of the combustibles heptane and dodecane were used in a series of small-scale fire tests conducted in a 1 m3 compartment that was mechanically ventilated at 5 and 8 air changes per hour (ACH). Combustible mass loss rates, soot mass concentrations, soot size distributions, several gas species concentrations, and compartment temperatures were measured during the fire. Results for the two pure-grade hydrocarbons were compared with results obtained for their respective technical grades. Technical-grade dodecane produced the highest soot emissions; pure n-heptane produced the lowest. Soot size distributions of all four combustibles attained a steady profile whose modal diameter was about 200 nm. Underventilated fires showed higher carbon monoxide yields than soot yields. Both compartment ventilation rates produced similar results, although the fire self-extinguished earlier for 5 ACH. |
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| Keywords: | Underventilated fires Compartment fires Smoke emission Heptane Dodecane |
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