Experimental study of the effectiveness of a water system in blocking fire-induced smoke and heat in reduced-scale tunnel tests |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China;2. Dept. of Flow, Heat and Combustion Mechanics, Ghent University-UGent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;1. Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Safety Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410075, China;2. Key Laboratory of Building Fire Protection Engineering and Technology of MPS, Tianjin 300381, China;1. Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China;2. Dept. of Flow, Heat and Combustion Mechanics, Ghent University – UGent, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, B-9000 Gent, Belgium;3. Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400045, PR China;4. National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Building, Chongqing 400045, PR China;1. School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China;2. Civil and Infrastructure Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;1. Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Safety Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;2. Key Laboratory of Gas and Fire Prevention of Henan Province, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China;3. Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Communications Planning, Design and Research, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;2. College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;3. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China;4. Safety Engineering Institute, College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China |
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| Abstract: | A water system, consisting of several water mist nozzles, has been installed in a reduced-scale tunnel. Its effectiveness in blocking fire-induced smoke and heat is tested, with and without longitudinal ventilation. A total of 14 fire tests have been carried out, with 250 ml methanol in an iron tray (25 cm × 20 cm) as fuel. Temperatures have been measured by 30 thermocouples, located upstream and downstream of the fire location. The aim is to assess the effectiveness of the water system in preventing smoke spread and in reducing the temperature in the tunnel. Interaction of the water with the fire is avoided. The impact of water pressure, ventilation velocity and nozzle arrangement on the effectiveness in smoke blocking and temperature reduction is discussed. The result confirms that the water system effectively reduces the temperatures and prevents smoke spreading in the absence of longitudinal ventilation. However, strong longitudinal ventilation (0.8 m/s ventilation velocity in the reduced-scale tunnel, corresponding to critical velocity in full-scale (1:10) tunnel) reduces the effectiveness in blocking the smoke spreading by the water system, although the temperature reduction downstream the water system remains in place. Higher water pressure makes the cooling effect stronger, because more and smaller water droplets are injected into the tunnel. For a given level of water pressure level, the impact of the nozzle row configuration is small in the tests. |
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| Keywords: | Reduced-scale fire tests Tunnel fire Water system Water mist Smoke blocking |
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